Estimating fractal dimension of profiles: A comparison of methods   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John C. Gallant  Ian D. Moore  Michael F. Hutchinson  Paul Gessler 《Mathematical Geology》1994,26(4):455-481

This paper examines the characteristics of four different methods of estimating the fractal dimension of profiles. The semi-variogram, roughness-length, and two spectral methods are compared using synthetic 1024-point profiles generated by three methods, and using two profiles derived from a gridded DEM and two profiles from a laser-scanned soil surface. The analysis concentrates on the Hurst exponent H,which is linearly related to fractal dimension D,and considers both the accuracy and the variability of the estimates of H.The estimation methods are found to be quite consistent for Hnear 0.5, but the semivariogram method appears to be biased for Happroaching 0 and 1, and the roughness-length method for Happroaching 0. The roughness-length or the maximum entropy spectral methods are recommended as the most suitable methods for estimating the fractal dimension of topographic profiles. The fractal model fitted the soil surface data at fine scales but not at broad scales, and did not appear to fit the DEM profiles well at any scale.  相似文献   

地下水动态观测网优化设计研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

仵彦卿 《地质灾害与环境保护》1994,5(3):56-64

本文采用状态空间分析法,通过对地下水流系统输入变量、输出变量及地下水动态测量值的研究,提出了地下水流系统确定一随机性数值模型。运用该模型的模拟解,进行地下水动态观测网优化设计。该方法把地下水动态观测网密度、位置及观测频率优化与地下水流系统结合起来研究。为了克服该模型计算量大的缺陷,本文提出了一种改进算法,使这一观测网优化方法适于在微机上实现,减少了计算工作量。该方法曾用于陕西某地区地下水位动态观测网的优化设计,取得了显著经济效益。  相似文献   

汾渭地震带地震发生的统计分析     

许俊奇 《内陆地震》1994,8(4):339-343

应用极值理论、马尔科夫过程、震级－频度关系等６种方法，分别对汾渭地震带地震发生的规律性进行了讨论，各种方法取得了比较一致的预测效果。经计算得到：汾渭地震带今后５年内，有可能发生Ｍｓ＝５．０级左右的地震，发生Ｍｓ＞５．５级地震的可能性较小；Ｍｓ＝５．０、５．５级地震的复发周期分别为６年和２５年左右；自１３００年以来．其５．０级以上的地震活动存在着２３０±１０年的卓越周期。  相似文献   

地理数据线性回归中的稳健估计方法     

吴健平  张立 《干旱区地理》1994,17(1):83-88

在线性回归中，常用最小二乘估计求线性方程的回归系数。但最小二乘估计受异常值影响较大，当样本数据存在异常值时，估计出的回归系数会产生较大偏差。稳健估计是最小二乘估计的改进，能在不排除异常数据的情况下，达到减弱异常数据对结果的影响。利用稳健估计提出黄土地区沟谷密度与侵蚀量的回归方程，并和最小二乘估计得到的回归方程比较，前者具有更回归效果。  相似文献   

地质统计学与分形理论的某些结合应用   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王仁铎 《地质科技情报》1993,12(3):93-97

概述了早期的结合应用有分维的计算、地质曲面模拟;近期的有空间估值、储层非均质性模拟、构造人工中间测线、分形谱及其参数等方面的结合应用。  相似文献   

Adaptive adjustment of channel geometry     

R. J. Bennett 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1976,1(2):131-150

This paper constructs a model of channel geometry composed of three subsections: a steady-state submodel, a gradedstate submodel, and a stochastic error submodel. With the aid of this representation of the morphology of channels, the at-a-point changes in geometry can be reproduced by a simple recursive equation of autoregressive, moving-average form which is derived from methods used in the statistical analysis of time series. A set of height loss data for three Japanese rivers derived from Yatsu's (1955) paper is used to determine the effect of bed material changes on adaptations within the graded-state submodel of the channel. The results of analyzing the autocorrelation function, spectrum, and adaptive parameter shifts within this model can be used to infer that significant changes in the amplitude of height change variation, and a shift to higher frequency oscillations of bed forms are associated with the shift in bed material conditions.  相似文献   

Seismic hazard estimate for a low seismicity region — Example of Bohemia     

Zdeňka Schenková  Vladimír Schenk  Vít Kárník 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1981,119(5):1077-1092

The contribution reviews basic concepts of earthquake hazard assessment for sites of nuclear power plants. Taking into account the delineation of earthquake source regions, intensity-frequency relations, upper intensity thresholdsI _max and intensity attenuation curves, we determine the seismic hazard for a site in south Bohemia and calculated the quantities defining the seismic hazard, i.e. return period in years, probability of exceedance for different intensities and different periods of interest. The adopted procedure has some limitations due to the poor definition of seismogenic zones (boundaries,N(I),I _max) and lack of strong motion observations in Central Europe.Communication presented at the XVII General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission in Budapest, 21–29 August 1980.  相似文献   

Robust estimation of the variogram: I   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Noel Cressie  Douglas M. Hawkins 《Mathematical Geology》1980,12(2):115-125

It is a matter of common experience that ore values often do not follow the normal (or lognormal) distributions assumed for them, but, instead, follow some other heavier-tailed distribution. In this paper we discuss the robust estimation of the variogram when the distribution is normal-like in the central region but heavier than normal in the tails. It is shown that the use of a fourth-root transformation with or without the use of M-estimation yields stable robust estimates of the variogram.Visiting Scientist, NRIMS, during the period in which this work was carried out.  相似文献   

On the estimation of the generalized covariance function   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. H. Starks  J. H. Fang 《Mathematical Geology》1982,14(1):57-64

The estimation of the generalized covariance function, K, is a major problem in the use of intrinsic random functions of order k to obtain kriging estimates. The precise estimation by least-squares regression of the parameters in polynomial models for K is made difficult by the nature of the distribution of the dependent variable and the multicollinearity of the independent variables.  相似文献   

A Probabilistic Displacement-based Vulnerability Assessment Procedure for Earthquake Loss Estimation   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

Helen?Crowley  Rui?PinhoEmail author  Julian?J.?Bommer 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2004,2(2):173-219

Earthquake loss estimation studies require predictions to be made of the proportion of a building class falling within discrete damage bands from a specified earthquake demand. These predictions should be made using methods that incorporate both computational efficiency and accuracy such that studies on regional or national levels can be effectively carried out, even when the triggering of multiple earthquake scenarios, as opposed to the use of probabilistic hazard maps and uniform hazard spectra, is employed to realistically assess seismic demand and its consequences on the built environment. Earthquake actions should be represented by a parameter that shows good correlation to damage and that accounts for the relationship between the frequency content of the ground motion and the fundamental period of the building; hence recent proposals to use displacement response spectra. A rational method is proposed herein that defines the capacity of a building class by relating its deformation potential to its fundamental period of vibration at different limit states and comparing this with a displacement response spectrum. The uncertainty in the geometrical, material and limit state properties of a building class is considered and the first-order reliability method, FORM, is used to produce an approximate joint probability density function (JPDF) of displacement capacity and period. The JPDF of capacity may be used in conjunction with the lognormal cumulative distribution function of demand in the classical reliability formula to calculate the probability of failing a given limit state. Vulnerability curves may be produced which, although not directly used in the methodology, serve to illustrate the conceptual soundness of the method and make comparisons with other methods.  相似文献